interchanges with Routes 213 and 151, which intersect
Route 293 near the middle of the route, also occur.
This summary, which represents approximately 700 daily
bus-to-bus interchanges, illustrates that Morden
Underground station is also an important bus-to-bus
interchange location.
In terms of bus access journeys, Figure 2 indicates that
of the 204 daily journeys on Route 293 to access
Morden station, 70% take no more than 15 minutes.
However, many of the remaining 30% take at least
22 minutes. This is interesting because Route 293 runs
on the same road as the high-frequency Route 93 in the
section of its route from which it takes 15 to 20 minutes
to reach Morden station. Moreover, as illustrated in
Figure 1, Route 93, which has a daytime headway of five
to seven minutes, follows a more direct route that only
takes nine to ten minutes to reach Morden station from
the shared section with Route 293. This suggests that
passengers boarding a bus to access Morden station on
the shared section will tend to board Route 93, but that
some people do travel longer than 22 minutes on Route
293 to access the station. This analysis provides insight
into typical travel behaviour on Route 293, but because
of the small sample size, it would have to be confirmed
by comparing the results across multiple days.
Finally, Figure 3 shows that the elapsed times for the
184 daily interchanges from Morden Underground
station to Route 293 are fairly evenly distributed from
two to twenty minutes, which is reasonable given the
route's 20-minute headway and assuming random
arrivals by Underground. From this graph, we can
conclude that for Morden station the network-wide
transfer time assumption of 20 minutes for
Underground-to-bus interchanges is appropriate. In
addition, the graph suggests that in general passengers
are not timing their arrivals at the station to coincide
with Route 293 bus departure times.
Route 221: Suburban connector
Route 221 runs between Turnpike Lane and North
Finchley every five to eight minutes with extra journeys
at school times. The route extends westward from
North Finchley to Edgware with a daytime headway
of nine to 13 minutes. The off-peak runtime for the
entire route from Turnpike Lane to Edgware is
59 minutes � see Figure 4.
Route 221 has a higher frequency than most of the
routes that intersect it � for example, Route 263, which
has a daytime headway of about 10 minutes. Figure 5
shows the observed elapsed time trends for
transfers between lower-frequency Route 263 and
higher-frequency Route 221. It suggests that passengers
are able to board a Route 221 bus shortly after alighting
from Route 263, but that in the reverse scenario there
is a wider range of wait times for the second bus.These
results are based on 160 transfers in each direction.
This type of analysis of bus journey access times is
useful for deducing the distribution of typical journey
durations on Route 263 � approximately six to 35
minutes � for passengers who continue their journey on
Route 221. These results may show that interchanging
passengers travel less time on the route than
non-interchanging passengers.
Turning now to the connectivity between Route 221
and the Underground, recall from Table 2 that 15% of
journeys on Route 221 include journey stages on the
Underground.This figure is low compared to the other
two case study routes, but it can be further
disaggregated to show the modal patterns of two and
three-stage journeys on Route 221 that include
the Underground � see Table 5. The similar shares of
bus-Underground and Underground-bus journeys lends
credibility to the transfer time thresholds of 40 minutes
and 20 minutes respectively that were used to identify
these journeys. Moreover, it can be concluded that very
few passengers take two buses to access any of the
Underground stations that are served by Route 221.
In terms of bus journey access time, the elapsed time
trend � see Figure 6 � shows that most journeys on
Route 221 to access the Underground are no more
than 15 to 20 minutes long. This corresponds to an
off-peak run time for Route 221 in which all points are
at most 15 minutes from the nearest Underground
station. Assuming a short transfer time � less than five
CILT TRANSPORT
27
www.ciltuk.org.uk
Map of Route 221 in north London
Figure 4 Source: Transport for London, North West London Bus Map, www.tfl.gov.uk
Elapsed time distributions for interchanges between Routes 221 and 263
Figure 5
Figure 6
Elapsed time distribution for interchanges from Route 221 to all
underground stations

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